Compare Model Drawings, CAD & Specs Type Availability Price
M-APE-I-1064
$4,570
In Stock
 M-APE-I-1064 Phase Modulator
In Stock
 $4,570
M-PY-1550
$3,740
In Stock
 M-PY-1550 Phase Modulator
In Stock
 $3,740

Specifications

  • Type
    Phase Modulator

Features

What is the Pockel's Effect?

Both our phase and our amplitude modulators are based upon the Pockel's effect: the electro-optic effect where the refractive index along one or more axes is proportional to an externally applied electric field. Therefore, by applying a voltage across the electrodes of an electro-optic crystal, you can change the phase of light as it passes through the crystal. By placing the crystal between crossed polarizers, this phase modulation can be converted into amplitude modulation.

Annealed Proton Exchange (APE) Fabrication

Proton Exchange (PE) is one of the common waveguide fabrication techniques in lithium niobate. Compared with Ti in-diffusion, another fabrication method, it can generate higher extraordinary refractive index changes (Δne close to 0.1). A subsequent annealing in a controlled atmosphere, hense called Annealed Proton Exchange (APE), permits a high polarization rejection and a high optical power handling capability, especially for applications using a shorter wavelength than in telecommunications. The annealing, in fact, helps in recovering the nonlinear coefficients that are compromised by standard PE processing.