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Application Notes
Ophthalmic Surgery
Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. The laser is particularly suited to ophthalmic surgery since it can provide ...
Application Notes
Super-Resolution Microscopy (STED and PALM)
One super-resolution approach is called stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. This technique uses a confocal microscope and a diffraction limited excitation beam that is ...
Application Notes
PCB Manufacturing
Lasers are routinely used in a variety of PCB manufacturing processes including via drilling, depaneling, profiling, laser direct imaging, repair, trimming, and marking. Laser processing ...
Application Notes
Solar Panel Manufacturing
Crystalline-Silicon solar cells are the predominant solar cell technology used in fabricating solar panels because of the availability of silicon, well-developed manufacturing processes, ...
Application Notes
Semiconductor Inspection
In this application note, we provide a brief description of the basics of wafer and reticle inspection techniques and discuss the characteristics of current inspection tools.
Application Notes
Semiconductor Lithography Overview
Lithography is defined as "a method of printing from a flat surface (such as a smooth stone or a metal plate) that has been prepared so that the ink will only stick to the design that ...
Application Notes
Semiconductor Manufacturing Overview
This application note provides a brief overview of semiconductor manufacturing and describe the various optical techniques used to define, inspect, and measure feature sizes and layer ...
Application Notes
Real-Time Laser Power Measurement
Only when performing optimally can laser systems guarantee the most cost-effective production of high-quality components. Even the smallest deviations in beam adjustment or focal position ...
Application Notes
Thermal Imaging
Thermal imaging techniques involve discriminating between various objects in a scene based on their respective differences in temperature.
Application Notes
Photoacoustic Microscopy (PAM)
Unlike the pure optical microscopy techniques, PAM takes advantage of the weak acoustic scattering in tissue and thus breaks through the optical depth penetration limit (~ 1 mm) in ...
Application Notes
Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy (2PF)
In 2PF, two photons are simultaneously absorbed to cause a higher energy electronic transition in a fluorescent molecule.
Application Notes
Three-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy (3PF)
Three-photon fluorescence (3PF) microscopy can provide a significant advantage over 2PF microscopy in strongly scattering samples such as the mouse brain.
Application Notes
Raman Spectroscopy (CARS and SRS)
In CARS microscopy, the pump and Stokes beams are tightly focused into the sample and a CARS image is generated by scanning either the sample or the laser beams.
Application Notes
Optogenetics
Optogenetics combines genetic and optical techniques to selectively and specifically modulate signaling pathways in intact living organisms using light.
Application Notes
Powder Bed Fusion
Powder bed fusion systems utilize a heat source—such as a laser—to sinter or melt ultra-fine layers of material like powdered metal to fuse into the desired shape.
Application Notes
Vat Polymerization
In vat polymerization systems—including stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP)—a UV laser constructs an object in a vat of a liquid photopolymer resin by curing ...
Application Notes
Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon) Processing
One technology which shows promise of meeting the growing demands of solar panel quantity, performance and cost-effectiveness is TOPCon, or tunnel oxide passivated contact, technol ...
Application Notes
LiDAR
LiDAR is an active remote sensing technique that is similar to RADAR but, instead of using radio waves as a radiation source, it uses laser pulses. In this technique, a laser source ...
Application Notes
Flat Panel Display Manufacturing
As the flat panel display market moves from LCD to OLED display technology, laser patterning and cutting of heterogeneous materials (comprised of multiple organic material films) with ...
Application Notes
Deep UV Photolithography
DUV technology for photolithography is exclusively based on projection optics since the pattern on the photomask is much larger than the final pattern developed on the photoresist.
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