Application Notes

Application Notes

Ophthalmic Surgery

Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. The laser is particularly suited to ophthalmic surgery since it can provide …

Application Notes

Semiconductor Lithography Overview

Lithography is defined as "a method of printing from a flat surface (such as a smooth stone or a metal plate) that has been prepared so that the ink will only stick to the design that …

Application Notes

Deep UV Photolithography

DUV technology for photolithography is exclusively based on projection optics since the pattern on the photomask is much larger than the final pattern developed on the photoresist.

Application Notes

Extreme UV Photolithography

EUV lithography is being developed to fulfill single-exposure patterning requirements at feature sizes below 22 nm. Unique to this technology is the nature of the light source.

Application Notes

Semiconductor Manufacturing Overview

This application note provides a brief overview of semiconductor manufacturing and describe the various optical techniques used to define, inspect, and measure feature sizes and layer …

Application Notes

Laser Micromachining

Laser machining is a non-contact process that can achieve higher precision and quality, smaller features, improved consistency with no tool wear, and possesses the flexibility to machine …

Application Notes

Laser Macroprocessing

Laser macroprocessing is defined as the machining of metal parts with thicknesses greater than a mm to produce large features with multi-mm dimensions. The process uses high power lasers …

Application Notes

Real-Time Laser Power Measurement

Only when performing optimally can laser systems guarantee the most cost-effective production of high-quality components. Even the smallest deviations in beam adjustment or focal position …

Application Notes

Non-Contact Laser Beam Measurement

A non-contact method developed by MKS Ophir is based on Rayleigh scattering. Rayleigh scattering is the scattering of light by particles that are smaller than the radiation's wavelength, …

Application Notes

Thermal Imaging

Thermal imaging techniques involve discriminating between various objects in a scene based on their respective differences in temperature.

Application Notes

LiDAR Application Examples

The accuracy and detail provided by LiDAR makes it an essential component of many applications that help local authorities and other land management organizations in their areas of …

Application Notes

Data Communications

here has been a tremendous increase in the volume of internet-based digital data communications over the past decade, with global cloud data center traffic reaching 8.2 zettabytes in …

Application Notes

Advanced Bioimaging Overview

Multiple advanced bioimaging techniques have been developed to improve the axial resolution and allow a true 3D representation of the sample to be reconstructed.

Application Notes

Photoacoustic Microscopy (PAM)

Unlike the pure optical microscopy techniques, PAM takes advantage of the weak acoustic scattering in tissue and thus breaks through the optical depth penetration limit (~ 1 mm) in …

Application Notes

Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy (2PF)

In 2PF, two photons are simultaneously absorbed to cause a higher energy electronic transition in a fluorescent molecule.

Application Notes

Three-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy (3PF)

Three-photon fluorescence (3PF) microscopy can provide a significant advantage over 2PF microscopy in strongly scattering samples such as the mouse brain.

Application Notes

Raman Spectroscopy (CARS and SRS)

In CARS microscopy, the pump and Stokes beams are tightly focused into the sample and a CARS image is generated by scanning either the sample or the laser beams.

Application Notes

Optogenetics

Optogenetics combines genetic and optical techniques to selectively and specifically modulate signaling pathways in intact living organisms using light.

Application Notes

Flow Cytometry Overview

Flow cytometry is an analytical technique that can rapidly measure the properties of individual cells or particles as they pass through a beam of light, typically a laser.

Application Notes

MALDI Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

MALDI is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry (MS) that produces rapid and efficient ionization of a wide variety of molecules.

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