Crossed roller bearing steel stages offer all of the advantages of ball bearings with higher load capacity and higher stiffness. This is a consequence of replacing the point contact of a ball with the line contact of a roller. Due to the averaging characteristics of line contacts, angular and linear deviations are generally below those found in ball bearings. However, crossed-roller bearings require more care during manufacture and assembly, resulting in higher costs. Crossed-roller bearings are also more sensitive to contamination because they are less effective at pushing foreign particles away from contact with the guideways.